水环境变迁与徐州城市兴衰研究

水对城市发展至关重要,严重水灾可能会酿成"城毁人亡"的悲局。历史上徐州饱受水灾之苦,特别是黄河决口南徙打乱了原本水系,使得境内水灾频仍,经济和社会发展受阻,在很大程度上导致了城市的衰落。但另一方面,沂、沭、泗以及故黄河所带来的便利灌溉条件则促进了境内古代农业生产;而运河开凿又使徐州处于全国重要的水运枢纽位置,因此带来商贸繁荣、工业发展、人口集聚和城市兴盛。本文在对历史上徐州水系变迁、尤其是水灾频发及其产生原因作出深入分析的基础上,着重探讨了境内水环境变化对徐州城市兴衰主要方面的影响。研究表明:①黄河对徐州水系变迁和城市兴衰影响巨大,直接时间持续近700年;②良好的水环境对历史上徐州境内工农业生产、商品贸易和城市建设起到了极大的推动作用,城市的繁荣兴旺与农田水利的风调雨顺、水上运输的川流不息往往处于同一个时期;③建国后徐州境内水系得到逐步治理与恢复,特别是20世纪80年代中期京杭运河(徐州段)实现全年通航后,其城市发展的水环境得到极大改善,为打造山水生态园林城市提供了良好条件。

ON THE CHANGES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT AND THE RISE AND FALL OF XUZHOU CITY

Water is essential to the development of city, severe flooding may lead to "city crash" tragedy. Xuzhou city has suffered from the continuous pain of floods in its history. The migration of Yellow River to the South in particular, contributed largely to the decline of the city. The article mainly discusses on how the change of water environment in the territory had the major implications for Xuzhou city's rise and fall. Studies have shown that: ① the Yellow River has great effect on changes of water system in Xuzhou and also has enormous impact on the city's rise and fall, which lasted nearly 700 years (from 1194 A. D. when the Yellow River invaded the Huaihe River to1885 A. D. detour to Shandong province); ② good water environment has played a great role in agricultural production, commodity trade and urban construction of Xuzhou in history. The city's prosperity, good harvests and busy water transport often happened in the same period; ③ after the founding of People's Republic of China, the water system has been gradually restored with governance in the territory of Xuzhou, especially in the mid-1980s; ④ nowadays, the use of water resources has become more extensive and in-depth than any time in history.