尺度重组与地域重构:城市与区域重构的政治经济学分析

尺度重组和地域重构理论是当前从政治经济学视角研究全球化时代城市与区域空间重构和治理重构的热点理论。本文运用马克思主义地理学的研究方法,结合对当代资本主义运行方式的分析,对尺度重组和地域重构理论进行了深入的解析,并阐明了它们之间内在的、本质的联系。研究认为,尺度重组和地域重构是一个一体两面的过程,当资本为了克服危机而在地域组织上进行去地域化与再地域化时,地域组织(城市和国家)也同时发生了尺度重组,它们描述的是同一个资本转型的过程。

RESCALING,DETERRITORIALIZATION AND RETERRITORIALIZATION: THE POLITICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR CITY AND REGIONAL RESTRUCTURING

The theories of rescaling, deterritorialization and reterritorialization have provided a Marxist political economic perspective to analyze city and regional restructuring in the era of globalization. This article indicates that the understanding of the deterritorialization and reterritorialization should be closely integrated with the analysis of contemporary capitalist movement. In each round of capitalist expansion, capital has fixed itself on a series of scalar configurations, which provides a geographical infrastructure for the process of capital circulation. This process is called territorialization. With the increasingly fierce contradiction between production and consumption, the crisis is befalling. In order to overcome the crisis, the capital self-adjusts its mode of production through the "production of space". When it experiences self-adjustments, the capital has leaved the old territorial organizations and broken the original scalar construction. Capital will keep flowing globally until it has hunted for appropriate places for a new wave of capitalist growth. Capital fixed itself again in a new scalar construction through the "production of space", reactivating the circulation process and reviving from the crisis. A country's major city-regions' position in the world urban hierarchy, and their control in the global production network, will directly affect the country's economic development. To this end, the state begins to foster and produce more competitive city-regions in its territorial jurisdiction. This forced the state to adjust part of its power of intervening and regulating the national economy to other scales, such as supra-national levels and sub-national levels. This is state rescaling, with the behavior of shifting state power to multiple geographic scales, which is also called of reconfiguration of governance.