产业生成视角的旅游内部就业层次分析——以张家界为例

界定旅游产业生成及其周期模型,划分内部就业层次,并分析演变过程。以就业弹性系数和旅游人次为观测指标,分析了生成周期对就业层次的影响。结果显示:①投资、旅游规模、旅游收入内部构成和就业人数有相关性。②出现期,以旅行社业和宾馆酒店业为主;成长期,以交通运输业、旅游商品服务和其他行业为主;发展期,以行业行政服务与管理为主。③就业弹性总体上呈相对平缓的演变态势;④从分层弹性看,因突发事件呈"二凸二凹"特点,其它时点较为平稳。

ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL EMPLOYMENT LEVELS OF TOURISM INDUSTRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY GENERATION: A CASE STUDY OF ZHANGJIAJIE

Tourism industry, as a strategic industry, offers more employment opportunities and has drawn the attention of the government and academic circles. It is necessary to study the internal employment evolution of tourism industry as it is an inevitable problem both in tourism industry researches and in people's livelihood. Taking Zhangjiajie as the example, this paper defines the concept of tourism industry generation and builds a tourism industry generation cycle model. The major research result is that tourism industry internal direct employment evolves as tourism industry generation cycle develops. Specifically, the results show that:(1) Investment, tourism scale and employment are positive correlative; all internal employment levels of tourism industry and the internal structure of tourism income are also correlative;(2)Travel agency industry and Hotel industry in emergence stage, transportation industry, tourism products and services and other industries in growth stage, tourism industry administrative service and management in development stage respectively are main channels of tourism direct employment;(3) Tourism direct employment elasticity evolution appears to be relatively smooth; it is fluctuating in emergence stage, rising slowly and gradually in growth stage, steady in development stage;(4) Tourism internal employment layered elasticity evolution is relatively stable except for two peaks and two bottoms because of some unexpected events.