旅游机场吞吐量影响因素初探

近年来,在旅游者航空需求推动下,旅游热点地区兴建旅游机场已成为一大趋势。本文对旅游机场的概念、特点进行了归纳,认为旅游机场至少可以根据其对旅游客流的依赖程度区分为旅游景区机场和旅游城市机场。对机场吞吐量统计数据的分析发现,宏观地理区位是导致游客选择航空旅行方式比重存在差异的主要原因。对黄山和九寨沟等多个旅游机场的案例分析发现,具体的旅游线路组织方式、地面交通方式和其他机场的分流作用是导致旅游机场吞吐量悬殊的深层原因。在此基础上提出了旅游机场吞吐量影响因素的概念模型并将之用于喀纳斯机场和宜昌机场的分析。

A STUDY ON THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE INFLUENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THROUGHPUT OF TOURISM AIRPORT

The demand of tourists for air travel has increased rapidly in recent years and tourists has occupied more than one third of the whole air market. Thus, there seems a trend to build more tourism airports in China. Throughput is an important element when evaluating the feasibility of airports construction. This paper firstly defines the concept of tourism airport and divides tourism airports into two types. Compared with the general city airports, tourism airports have the following characteristics: (1) tourism airports are usually feeder airports and the level of aviation of most of the tourism airports are 4C; (2) the locations of tourism airports mostly are towns, counties or prefectural-level cities; (3) the regional economy of the locations of tourism airports is usually under-developed and it is the demand of tourists but not the residents to construct the airports; (4) scheduled flights are relatively limited and passengers usually need to be transferred from trunk line airports; (5) there are distinct high and low seasons and the throughput varies apparently. The paper presents the concept of ratio of throughput and tourist (RTT, in short) in order to find out the relationship between tourism airports and their geographic distribution. The authors choose 12 airports to study the throughputs and RTT. Since the statistics of tourist is tourist arrivals, but not the actual number of tourists, the paper analyzes the ratio of throughput and tourist arrivals instead of RTT. The result shows that the ratio of throughput and tourist arrivals of each airport were relatively stable in the past five years and the ratios differ along with the airports geographic distribution. This is due to the distance from the main tourist generating areas including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and their outskirt areas to the southwest and northwest of China is much longer than that from the main tourist generating areas to the east, south and middle of China. Therefore, the geographic distribution of airports in grand scale is the main element that leads to the diversity of the ratio of throughput and tourist arrivals. Furthermore, the authors establish a conceptual model of the influential elements of tourism airports.