地方性中心城市空间扩张的多元动力——基于葫芦岛市的调查和分析

葫芦岛市近年来的空间扩张主要有三种表现方式:其一是在建成区内部和边缘的零散开发;其二是采用园区建设的方式进行组织化和规模化的开发,其三是在主城区边缘由民间资本自下而上推进的工业化和小城镇发展,并实现与主城区的功能一体化。深入的调查和分析显示,城市的空间扩张以及有关的基础设施建设,是在理性的规划力、市场力、市政府的发展冲动、区政府的发展冲动、民间的创业冲动、环境吸引力等多元动力共同作用下进行的。多数地方性中心城市的发展动力的总和相对并不充足。这一基本背景和城市空间战略密切相关。

THE SPATIAL EXPANSION MULTI-FORCE OF LOCAL CENTRAL CITIES--Based on the Investogation and Analysis of Huludao

China is advancing urbanization rapidly. During the course the large, medium-sized and small cities of the national key regions (Zhujiang River Delta ,Changjiang River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin Region) are all developing fast. The provincial key regions (such as Changzhutan Region in Hunan province, Guanzhong Basin) are in the swift growth situation. However, in most non-central regions of many provinces, limited resources and opportunities are being concentrated in local central cities due to the reason that cities can administer counties. By this means it can keep specific speed of local central cities in economic growth, urban renewal and spatial expansion while the growth speed is lower than the cities of the key regions apparently. The deep investigation and analysis indicate the spatial expansions and the constructing of relevant infrastructures in Huludao were directed by diverse forces including rational planning force, market force, the drive from the urban government and the district government, the civic development drive, the input of outside funds, the attraction of excellent environment. All in all, compared with key regions and provincial central cities, the above forces and drives are not sufficient. So local government will protect and encourage every helpful force without missing even very slight opportunities. That can deeply explain the reasons that the spatial strategies of Huludao are in disorder and the spatial expansions are towards all directions. If urban spatial strategy design can be strongly controlled, moderately controlled or weakly controlled, strong control should be adopted for key regions to limit strictly some forces. The local government should strengthen the role of the rational planning, control the disorder development and integrate the expansion actions moderately at the same time.