明代三峡新滩地区地质滑坡对交通和社会的影响

本文分析论述了地质滑坡导致局部地区的环境变迁,以及人们为适应环境变迁所做出的种种社会应对。明代嘉靖年间三峡新滩地区的大型滑坡对这里的水路交通造成了严重影响,三峡航路长时间受阻。地方官员曾先后组织人力对新滩地区的崩岸滩石进行疏凿,从而使水路交通在相当程度上得到缓和甚至改观。秋冬季节水位浅涸,三峡航路交通形势险峻时,出入川、楚二地的商旅船只途经该江段时,都不得不进行"盘滩"。专事盘滩成了很多当地居民的专门职业,他们以此谋生,号称"滩子";这同时也形成了三峡新滩地区的季节性繁荣,成为一种独特的三峡经济与三峡景观。历史时期三峡已出现相应的江事预防与赈救措施。

The Influences of Landslide on Traffic and Society in Xintan of Three Gorges Area in Ming Dynasty

The paper analyzed the changes of environment by geological landslide,and discussed people’s replying on the surrounding’s changes.There were serious influences on the shipping traffic and local society because of the giant landslide in Xintan(新滩) of three gorges area(三峡地区) in the 21th year of Jiajing period in Ming Dynasty.These serious situations lasted for as long as several decades.The traffic block has changed in some degree since the giant stones in the river of three gorges had been chiseled because of several times of drilling organized by local officials.There was low water level when in the fall and in the winter,so the situation of the shipping traffic was very serious.And all the ships by way of three gorges had to Pantan(盘滩) both human and goods.Many people were engaged in Pantan,they had taken up transporting as a profession and named as Tanzi(滩子).At the same time,there appeared a seasonal prosperity in Xintan of three gorges area,and formed a special economy and landscape.There apprised corresponding preventive measures against ship’s overturning and drowning,and emerged relevant relief and rehabilitation operations in Ming and Qing dynasties.