城市人均受教育水平对居民主观幸福感的影响——基于多尺度模型的研究

提升居民幸福感是和谐宜居城市建设和实现人民美好生活愿望的重要目标。地理背景特征对居民幸福感的影响在社会学、地理学、经济学等学科领域受到极大关注，但尚缺乏城市人均受教育水平及其异质性影响研究。基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据，采用多尺度线性模型探讨了我国城市人均受教育水平、人均收入与居民幸福感的关系。研究发现：①居民幸福感存在显著区域差异，东部城市居民幸福感最高，西部整体偏低。②作为重要的城市背景特征之一，与人均收入相比，人均受教育水平对居民幸福感有正向提升作用，即城市人均受教育水平越高，居民幸福感越高。③城市人均受教育水平对居民幸福感的影响是复杂的，在不同学历群体间存在明显差异，对高中及以下学历群体幸福感的提高具有积极影响，但对本科及以上学历群体的幸福感产生消极影响。

IMPACT OF URBAN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON RESIDENTS' SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: A STUDY BASED ON MULTILEVEL MODELLING

Improving residents' subjective well-being is an important goal of building a harmonious and livable city and realizing people's desire for a better life. The ultimate goal of social and economic development and related policies is to enhance residents' well-being. However, with the increase of urbanization rate and per capita disposable income level in China, residents' subjective well-being shows a trend of decreasing instead of rising. Based on the 2016 Chinese labor force dynamic survey data, this paper uses a multilevel linear model to explore the relationship between urban educational attainment, average income and residents' subjective well-being. The conclusions are as follows:1) The happiness-income paradox does exist at the urban level in China. Urban economic variables have a significant negative correlation with residents' subjective well-being. 2) Compared with urban average income, urban educational attainment has a positive effect on residents' subjective well-being. 3) The interaction effect model shows that the impact of urban educational attainment on residents' well-being is complex, and there is obvious heterogeneity among different education groups.