城市建成环境如何影响老年人体力活动——模型构建与大连实证

针对建成环境与老年人体力活动关系研究中，较少定量刻画其与社会、心理要素交互作用的不足，本文构建了三者交互影响下的体力活动关系模型。研究发现：①老年人体力活动参与率整体不高，性别与家庭结构差异在活动表现形式上存在不同。②活动意向未能有效触发老年人体力活动，自我效能感是其重要参考因素；建成环境、社会资本对老年人体力活动的影响，由直接或间接通过自我效能感中介完成，心理健康作用则未显现。③家庭结构存在调节作用，建成环境单一要素对空巢老人体力活动的作用并不明显，但其对与子女共同居住老年人影响稳健。④社会资本是建成环境发挥空间干预老年人体力活动作用的重要前提；环境对公共健康的影响，更应采应取组合式干预策略。

HOW DOES THE URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT AFFECT THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ELDERLY: MODEL CONSTRUCTION AND DALIAN DEMONSTRATION

Due to the lack of quantitative analysis of social capital and psychological factor in the analysis of the relationship between the built environment and the elderly physical activity, this paper constructs a interactive model based on built Environment, social capital and psychological factors, and takes Dalian as an example for verification. The results indicate that:1) The participation rate of the elderly in physical activities is not high, and the main physical activities are walking, outdoor sitting chat, shopping in the market and buying medicine in pharmacies. Male elderly people are more interested in leisure and social activities than women, while family structure differences are reflected in the activities of taking grandchildren to and from school. 2) Self efficacy is an important reference factor in triggering physical activity of the elderly, and activity intention can not. The effects of built environment and social capital on physical activities of the elderly are directly or indirectly mediated by self-efficacy, but the effect of mental health is not obvious. 3) The family structure has a moderating effect, single factor of built environment has little effect on physical activity of empty nest elderly, but it has a steady impact on the elderly living with their children. 4) Social capital is the premise of the built environment to play the role of physical activity space intervention for the elderly. The combined intervention strategy should be taken to improve the impact of environment on public health.