北京城中村居民“数字鸿沟”测量及其影响因素研究

移动互联网的快速发展,特别是2020年的新冠疫情加速了远程医疗等数字经济业态的发展,促使学者们重新重视“数字鸿沟”现象,探讨“数字不平等”和“社会不平等”的相互影响。文章以北京5个典型城中村为调研地,发现：移动互联网发展,4G网络普及和国产智能手机崛起缩小了城中村居民在设备接入上的鸿沟,但其上网技能还受到个体社会经济属性影响。产生“数字鸿沟”的传统因素如年龄、受教育程度等仍然在起作用,一些新的因素如户籍、网龄、上网时长催化了其在网络内容利用上的差异,社会结构分层同样嵌入到其网络产品和内容选择中。研究加深了我们对“数字鸿沟”的理解,也帮助我们分析其他社会弱势群体遭遇“数字鸿沟”的可能性。

A STUDY ON THE MEASUREMENT OF “DIGITAL DIVIDE” OF URBAN VILLAGE RESIDENTS IN BEIJING AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS

In recent years, the rapid development of global mobile Internet technology, especially the COVID- 19 epidemic in 2020 has boomed the digital economy industry. "Living on the cloud" and "working through the cloud" have become normal in the pandemic period. Different groups have different opportunities and abilities to use digital resources. The acceleration of digital technology urges scholars to pay more attention to the "Digital Divide" phenomenon and analyze the interaction between "Digital Inequality" and "Social Inequality". Taking five typical urban villages in Beijing as the survey sites, this paper analyzes whether there is a "Digital Divide" between Beijing urban village residents and ordinary urban residents from three aspects of equipment access, network skills and Internet content and how big is this divide:In terms of equipment access, although the proportion of broadband installation of urban village residents is lower than that of urban residents, the Internet traffic and proportion of residents using mobile phones and are close to urban residents and their Internet access cost is lower than the latter. The development of mobile Internet, the popularity of 4G and the rise of China smartphones industry have narrowed the divide in device access between urban village residents and ordinary urban residents. The level of Internet using skills of urban village residents is generally lower than the national average level, but the gap is not obvious. With the improvement of network skills, the deeper the embedding degree of demographic characteristics and socio-economic attributes of urban village residents are, the more obvious the "Information Gap" phenomenon is, which means that the higher the individual's socio-economic status, the more skillfully they can master Internet skills, absorb useful knowledge and avoid Internet traps.