略论清初的学术史编写

清初顺康时期 ,经历了鼎革之变的理学士人从不同的角度进行深入的反思和总结 ,写下达 2 6种之多的学术史著作。诸多学术史作者以强烈的社会危机感、学术危机感和深沉的历史反思意识 ,总结了自先秦孔孟至宋明以程朱陆王为代表的理学、心学的源流发展及利弊得失 ,从学术层面探讨了社会治乱兴衰的缘由 ,并在写作体例上突破旧模式 ,涌现出像黄宗羲《明儒学案》一类的上乘学术史佳作 ,从而把中国学术史研究推进到一个新的水平。此期学术史著作初步展示了调和程朱陆王与扬朱抑陆两个不同的思想倾向 ,为清中后期学术思想的发展变化做了重要铺垫。这些表明 ,宋明以来流行的理学尽管在此时已呈衰势 ,但仍然是学坛的主流派别 ,具有一定的生命力 ,甚至在较长的时间里还保持着相当的优势地位

Compilation of Academic Histories in the Early Qing Dynasty

During the emperor of Shun and Kang's age in the early Qing dynasty,after recalling a painful experience the scholars of neo_confucianism who had gone through the transition between the Ming and the Qing dynasty went deep into reflecting and taking a conclusion about the transition,and left about 26 sorts of works on academic history.With the strong consciousness of crisis about society and learning,and with the deeply reflecting on history,some scholars had concluded the history and advantages and disadvantages of the neo_Confucianism and the Mind theories from the Qin to the Song_Ming dynasty.They probed the reason of prosperity and comedown of society,and acquired breaking through in the mode of writing.Huang Zongxi's Academic History of Scholars in the Ming dynasty was an excellent work in those writings;All the works had improved the level of the study of academic history in China.Those academic history works gradually revealled the trend of idea conciliation between Cheng_zhu and Lu_wang or raising Cheng and repressing Lu.The trend of idea made a foundation for the change in the metaphase and anaphase of the Qing dynasty.All the these showed that the neo_Confucianism from the Song_Ming dynasty still was the mainstream of learning in the metaphase and anaphase of the Qing dynasty,though it showed dwindling to a degree.It also had bn enough vitality for rather a long time.