犹太集体记忆视域下的巴尔·科赫巴书信

20世纪五六十年代出土的巴尔.科赫巴书信,不仅是了解作为犹太史分水岭的巴尔.科赫巴起义唯一翔实的一手资料,而且是迄今为止发现的唯一一份由一个反抗罗马帝国的起义领袖留下的文书。书信中起义领袖的姓名表明后世普遍认为这次起义具有弥赛亚性质,犹太神学传统对弥赛亚学说的构建正是在起义后出现了重大变化。书信中所使用的语言表明,希伯来语在当时绝不仅仅限于宗教仪式,而使用希腊文在犹太巴勒斯坦也未必由社会等级决定。犹太传统对巴尔.科赫巴的历史记忆具有高度的选择性,视他为典型的假弥赛亚或力大无穷的战士。这说明记住巴尔.科赫巴的意义并不来自过去,而是源于当下。

Bar Kokhba's Letters from the Perspective of Jewish Collective Memory

Bar Kokhba's letters,excavated in the 1950-60s,are not only our only detailed first-hand source for understanding the Bar Kokhba Revolt,a watershed in Jewish history,but also the only document left by a leader of this anti-Roman revolt.The leaders' names given in the letters show what has generally been recognized as the Messianic nature of the revolt,which was followed by a tremendous change in the Jewish theological tradition of construction of the Messiah.The language used in the letters shows that Hebre...