民初“自由”报刊的自由观

在近代中国，尽管不能断言标名“自由”的报刊必定奉行自由主义，也有主张自由主义的报刊不以“自由”为标签，但那些自称为“自由”的刊物，显然应是考察近代中国自由主义历史轨迹的重要凭借。清季自由观念逐渐传播普及，以自由为名号的人士日渐增多。继《申报》开辟“自由谈”栏目，民初至少出现了9家标名为“自由”的报刊，主要分为两类，其一为自由党系统在各地的机关报，其二为以游戏文章追求思想、言论、出版三大自由的报刊。二者在反对各地政权的舆论压制时坚决维护言论自由，但政治上并未高揭自由主义的旗帜，其形象的社会观感亦不甚佳。此后直到抗日战争爆发，才再度出现以“自由”为名的报刊数量激增的情形，自由主义成为部分报刊的思想旗帜和政治目标。

Liberal Ideas of the Liberal Newspapers and Magazines in Early Republican China

Studies of modern Chinese liberalism and liberal intellectuals in recent years have a common shortcoming:they confuse historical ideas with contemporary ideas. On the one hand,these studies forcefully bring into the liberal framework individuals or groups whose words and actions differed sharply from those of liberals and who did not regard themselves as such. On the other hand,they leave out individuals and groups who praised liberty and liberalism. Taking the media as an example,while we cannot assert tha...