乾陵东一翁仲裂隙调查及稳定性分析

乾陵东一翁仲病害众多,但裂隙是危及其安全的首要因素。通过现场调查确定了东一翁仲裂隙分布特征并对其稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:东一翁仲现存5条影响其稳定性的裂隙,其中3条贯通,2条局部贯通。裂隙将石刻分割为5个块体,中间块体上大下小且重心前偏,导致石刻整体前倾,为石刻失稳提供了动力来源,脚后跟块体是石刻稳定的关键块体。石刻目前处于欠稳定状态,当遇到关键块体上部破碎、钢箍断裂失效、地震荷载等任一情况时,石刻将处于失稳状态,有整体倒塌的危险。研究结果可为东一翁仲的保护工作提供科学依据。

Disease investigation and analysis of the first Wengzhong on the east side of Qianling Mausoleum

The first Wengzhong (stone grave statue) on the east side of Qianling Mausoleum has many diseases, but cracks are the primary factor that endangers its safety. Through on-site investigations, we determined the crack distribution characteristics of the first Wengzhong on the east side and also analyzed its stability. The results show that there are five cracks affecting the stability of the stone carving, two of which are through and three of which are partially through. The cracks divide the stone carving into five blocks. The center of gravity of the central block has moved forward, and has become, at present, the main power source leading to the instability of the stone carving. The heel block is the key block for the stability of the stone carving. At the same time, there are many secondary cracks, indicating that the object is in an unstable state. The stone carving may suffer from overall collapse in case of failure of steel belts, complete penetration of cracks and earthquakes; therefore, reinforcement and prevention measures are needed. These results can provide a scientific basis for the conservation of the first Wengzhong on the east side of Qianling Mausoleum.