Mean state and long term variations of temperature in the winter middle atmosphere above northern Scandinavia |
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| Institution: | 1. Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BOREAS, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, (QC), Canada;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, (ON), Canada;3. Centre d''Études Nordiques, Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Canada;1. CNR-IMATI “Enrico Magenes”, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Lombard Museum of Agricultural History, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;3. DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;4. Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Casaccia Research Center, via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;5. Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems (www.casasglobal.org), Kensington CA 94707, USA;6. UO Veterinaria, DG Welfare, Regione Lombardia, P.zza Città di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milano, Italy;7. DMMT, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;8. Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;1. Laboratorio de Entomología. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Avda. Las Heras 727, 3500. Resistencia. Chaco. Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina;3. Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología y Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Formosa. Avenue Formosa AR, Av. Dr. Luis Gutniski 3200, 3600 Formosa, Formosa. Argentina;4. Departamento de Básicas. Facultad Regional de Concordia, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Salta 227, 3200 Concordia. Entre Ríos. Argentina;5. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Universitaria. Pab. 2, Piso4. Buenos Aires 1428. Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Stratosphere and mesosphere temperatures were measured during four winter months (November–February) at high latitudes (Andøya, ESRANGE) by means of numerous rocket flights during the Energy Budget Campaign 1980 and the MAP/WINE Campaign 1983–1984. They are compared to ground-based OH1 measurements and SSU satellite data. The atmosphere was found to be very active, with several minor and one major stratospheric warming occurring. A harmonic analysis of the temperature oscillations observed is performed and found to be suitable to model the atmospheric disturbances (warmings) to a large extent by superposition of waves with appropriate periods. These periods are of the order of several days and weeks and are thus similar to those of planetary waves. Stratospheric warmings tend to be correlated with mesospheric coolings, and vice versa. This is reproduced by the model, giving details of the phase relationships as they depend on altitude. These are found to be more complicated than just an anticorrelation of the altitude regimes. Strong phase changes occur in narrow altitude layers, with oscillation amplitudes being very small at these places. These ‘quiet layers’ are frequent phenomena and are independently found in the data sets of the two campaigns. They are tentatively interpreted as the nodes of standing waves.The time development of temperature altitude profiles shows strong variations that lead to peculiar features, such as a split stratopause or a near-adiabatic lapse rate in the mesosphere on occasion. The superposition model is able to reproduce these features, too. On one occasion it even shows super-adiabatic temperature gradients in the lower mesosphere for several days. Though this should be taken as an artifact, it nevertheless suggests a considerable contribution of the long period waves to atmospheric turbulence.The many rocket data are also used to determine monthly mean temperature profiles. These are compared to reference atmospheres recently developed for the CIRA (Barnett and Corney, 1985; Groves, 1985). Fair agreement is found, which is much better than with CIRA (1972). This is not true for February 1984, because of the major warming that occurred late in that month. Before this warming took place, atmospheric preconditioning appears to have been present for more than two months. |
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