Experimental observations of very low latitude man-made whistler-mode signals |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, TED University, Ankara 06420, Turkey;1. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom;2. Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom;3. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Saffron Walden CB10 1RQ, United Kingdom;4. Bar Standards Board, High Holborn, London WC1V 7HZ, United Kingdom;5. St Mary''s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed St, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | VLF signals at 23.4 kHz from NPM in Hawaii (lat 21.5°N) are commonly received at night in Dunedin, New Zealand with very low group delays of between about 75 ms and 160 ms and frequency shifts of several tens of milliHertz or more. The ratio of the frequency shift to the rate of change of group delay generally agrees with the ratio which would be expected from signals which have travelled through the equatorial ionosphere. Normal whistler-mode signals with delays of 0.3–0.6 s are quite frequently observed at the same time. |
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