由禅让制度论及尧舜时代我国已进入中国早期国家阶段

尧舜禹时代实行的禅让制度是与夏代以后王位世袭制度迥然有别的政治制度。学界一般认为禅让是前国家阶段政治情况的反映。其实，实行禅让制度的尧舜时代已具备与其后的夏商周三代相同的社会特征，文献和考古学方面都反映出这种情况。当时各方国内部已经确立王位世袭制度，禅让只是方国之间推举联盟首领的制度。处于早期国家阶段的尧舜禹时代与战国以后的国家形态还有一定差别，而具有一些区别于后世的自己的特征。

The impact of the stage of the early-state of China in the Yao and Sun times through the system of the shanrang

The system of the shanrang in the Yao and Sun and Yu times was different from the heredity of the king-power after the Xia Dynasty.The shanrang is commonly regarded as the thing of phase of the pre-state.In fact,the Yao and Sun times in which the shanrang was carried out had possessed identical nature to the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasty,which was reflected in the document and the archaeology.At that time the heredity of the king-power was established in every country,and the shanrang was only the system of choosing the league leader between every country.As a times of the pre-state phase,the Yao and Sun and Yu times had due difference in state-shape from times after the Warring State,and it had characterics from the later ages.