环渤海地区制造业地理集聚研究

运用区位商指数和基尼系数对环渤海地区两位数制造业20个行业1993-2007年的集聚水平进行测度。结果表明:10余年来环渤海地区20个主要制造业行业的地理集中程度在不断提高,绝大部分行业呈集聚加强趋势;制造业结构具有一定的相似性,各省(市)地方专业化产业趋同,比较优势和集聚经济没有起到应有的作用;环渤海地区工业化进程呈梯度分布,北京、天津已处于工业化的后期阶段,资本和技术密集型产业向内转移,河北、山东、辽宁仍处于工业化的中期阶段,劳动密集型行业具有较强的比较优势。

GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION OF MANUFACTURE INDUSTRIES IN BOHAI RIM

Theoretically, economic globalization will weaken the regional advantages because it makes different regions have the same cost and lowers the competitive power which contributed by the regional factors. But, in fact, we find that some industries, which have great competitive power in global market, always possess obvious regional features like semiconductor & information industries in Silicon Valley, entertainment industries in Holly wood. That is to say, there is a close relationship between industrial agglomeration and competitive power. Therefore, this paper aims to research on the industrial agglomeration in Bohai Rim. Industrial agglomeration is regarded as an important economic phenomenon in the world today. In China, industrial agglomeration has become the important force to drive the economic development since 1990s, and it is recognized that the industrial agglomeration is very significant for the rationalization of economic distribution, the optimization of resource collocating, the forming of regional competitive advantage and the development of harmonious regional industries. This paper uses location index and the Gini coefficient to indicate the geographical concentration of manufacturing industries in Bohai Rim, which is one of the most important manufacturing industrial agglomeration areas in China, adopting 20 two-digit manufacturing data in 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2007. The results show that, firstly, Bohai Rim manufacturing industries have been increasingly concentrated with the economic development. And the agglomeration degree also tend to be rising; secondly, in Bohai Rim, manufacture structure is similar, but the distribution of some industries is not concentrated, so the regional cooperation is not strong, and competitive advantage of the region is not powerful. Subsequently, competitive advantage and agglomeration economies cannot play its expected role. Finally, industrialization process in the Bohai Rim show gradient distribution.