中世纪晚期西欧乡村工业及乡村纺织业的兴起

中世纪晚期西欧乡村工业的发展蔚为壮观，其时乡村工业主要有家庭副业、家庭作坊和分散的手工工场等形式。西欧乡村工业的重心是在不断变迁的，其生产规模也在不断扩大；以市场为中心、以利润为目标使乡村工业逐渐从农业中脱离出来，这样与所谓的“原工业”相连接了。西欧乡村工业中最为突出的是纺织业，自然资源、技术与分工、农业商品化、乡村劳动力、市场需求等因素都是乡村纺织工业勃兴的原因。中世纪晚期西欧乡村工业的发展是西欧社会工业化或现代化的前奏。

The Western European Rural Industry and the Rise of Rural Textile Industry in the Later Middle Age

The Western European rural industry became flourishing in the Later Mi ddle Age. Then the main forms of rural industry were household sideline productio n, household workshop and dispersed handicraft workshop. The center of Western Eur opean rural industry was changing, its productive scale was expanding. The rural i ndustry gradually separated itself from the agriculture for centring on the mark et and targeting for profits, and showed no difference with the called proto-ind ustry. The most outstanding of the Western European rural industry was textile in dustry its rising reasons were natural resources, technology and division of labor; agricultural commercialization, rural labour, market demand etc.. The developmen t of the Western European rural industry in the Later Middle Age is the prelude of the social industrialization or modernization in Western Europe.