港口经济及其地域空间作用:对鹿特丹港的案例研究

港口经济在国民经济中起着越来越重要的作用,面临全球化竞争的挑战,借鉴国外港口经济的经验对我国三角洲地区和海港城市的发展具有重要意义。本文将分析荷兰鹿特丹港的港口经济发展,研究港口产业对于港口地区的社会经济带动作用,港口产业的时间演替规律和在港口产业带动下的港口地区地域空间扩展规律。

PORT ECONOMY AND ITS SPATIAL EFFECTS: A CASE STUDY ON ROTTERDAM PORT, NETHERLANDS

Port economy is playing more and more important role in regional development.But there are many vital problems that baffle Chinese port economy,such as port transportation capability cannot keep up with the development of social and economic development,the structure of transportation is improper,seaports are built superfluously.Especially,port economy driving effects on regional industry and employment are powerless,that impedes the further development of port city and delta region in China. Port industry can be categorized three kinds according to its connection ability with seaport,the first kind is symbiotic port industry,happened with port building;the second is depended port industry and the third is correlative port industry.Based on the study Rotterdam port industry development,we can conclude that in the different port development stage there is different kind of port industry that play a key role in the port region area.In the early port development stage,symbiotic port industry including port assemble,port transportation,storage developed more quickly than the other port industries.And then the port-related industry,such as manufacture,oil refining,chemical developed.Under the promotion of the direct port industry development,relative port industry will develop quickly such as financial,insurance,agency and information service,etc. Different kind of port industry can differently affect the regional social and economic activities,employment,land use and other development.In the process of port industry development,the regional land use of port also changed in space.Different kind port industry will develop in the port around,and shape a seeming "water wave" landscape.The wave center is port,and the waves are different port industry land layout.From the wave center to edge,normally,there locate orderly symbiotic port industry,depended port industry,and the correlative port industry.Different industry land use form a series of homogenous industry belts around the port.This landscape shows the various port industries ability of space expands,which attribute to many factors,such as transport fee,land rent,environment pollution,etc.