甲午战争与近代日本国民的形成——近代媒体的发展与作用

培养近代国民是国民国家建设的重要目标,同时具备民族特质和公民特质是国民的内在属性。甲午战争是日本进入近代以来的第一次大规模对外战争,＂印刷资本主义＂的出现和发展形成了能够构成民族共同体的舆论条件。战争与媒体交互影响,使＂日本人＂的自我意识得以强化,对外形成了对朝鲜和中国的优越感和蔑视感,军人被英雄化、神圣化,围绕战争也形成教育方式多样性,民众由此达成了对天皇和国家的认同,甲午战争成为近代日本国民＂民族＂特质的重要标志。

Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and Formation of Modern Japanese:Development and Function of Modern Media

Creating modern national is one of the important objects during the process of national state building.The intrinsic properties of national include the characteristics of nationality and citizenship.Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was the first large-scale external war since modern time,and the development of Printing Capitalism also provided the media opportunity to form a national community.The mutual influence of war and media enhanced self-awareness of the Japanese.Korea and China became the scorn of the Japanese.Meanwhile,soldiers were sanctified and heroized.The patterns of education diversified due to the war.As a result,ordinary people identified the emperor and the nation,and Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 is the crucial sign of formation of modern Japanese’s nationality.