健康城市化:新的发展理念及其政策含义

我国城市化已进入一个新阶段,高速推进的城市化面临许多突出问题。在研究和政策方面也陷入困境,对未来城市化发展取向和道路认识不一。本文提出健康城市化的发展理念。它有3个理论来源:健康观的演变与系统健康科学的兴起,发展观的演变与人类发展指数评价,人地关系演变与可持续发展理论。在归纳其对健康城市化的启示的基础上,界定了健康城市化的概念,明确提出三个内涵:人的发展、城乡互动、资源环境,并与传统城市化进行比较。相应的政策含义是:资源环境是城市化的基础,城乡协调和互动是城市化的关键环节,"人的发展"是城市化的出发点与最终目标。

HEALTHY URBANIZATION:A NEW CONCEPTION AND POLICY EXPLANATION

Urbanization is one of the most significant changes occurring in contemporary human society. Although Chinese scholars have been made a long-term and deep study systematically on China's urbanization, lots of specific questions still have not been solved effectively. At present, the Chinese urbanization has entered a new stage. Recently, unprecedented numbers and the scales of cities have been dramatically increased in China. Consequently, both the researches of China's demographics as well as the pronouncements of Chinese policy makers regard the country's growing urbanization levels as a sign of progress. However, the high-speed urbanization process faced many severe problems. Therefore, this paper presents the development conception of healthy urbanization. Healthy urbanization, economic growth, land conversion and migration are coordinated. It is essential to promote the human-centered development in a comprehensive way. The process is also sustainable which means that the quantity and quality of natural resources can meet the demands of urbanization, and ecological environment can be improved by adapting itself. This research has three theoretical sources including "evolution of the health conception and the rise of system health science", "evolution of development conception and human development index", and "evolution of the human-natural relationship and sustainable development theory". The authors point out that (1) healthy urbanization is the universal ideals of humanity, which should be used as the basic objective of long-term strategy of urbanization; (2) healthy urbanization depend on the improving on living level, educational level and medical care; (3) healthy urbanization emphasize the interaction between urban areas and rural areas; (4) healthy urbanization need the coordination of the relationship between human and land, a resource-saving and environment-friendly mode.