塔列朗与法兰西近代民族国家的建立

法兰西近代民族国家建立的进程,开始于1789年的法国大革命,结束于1830年的七月革命。塔列朗的政治活动贯穿于这一进程的始终。他在大革命期间,推动教会资产国有化,参与起草《人权宣言》;在督政府时期,以较新的外交理念促成法国外交部的改革;在拿破仑帝国时期,参与了重要条约的谈判,并力图遏制拿破仑的称霸政策;在波旁王朝复辟时,起草了“1814年宪章”,尽力维护大革命的成果;在七月革命中,抛弃了复辟王朝,支持承认大革命现实的路易.菲利浦登上王位,并出任驻英大使出席伦敦会议,为解决欧洲重大外交问题付出了努力。事实证明,他并非如一般史家所描述的那样,是一个以自身利益为行为准则,没有信仰的政治变色龙,而是一个以法兰西民族国家利益为行为准则的政治家。他为法兰西近代民族国家的建立做出了重大贡献。

Talleyrand and the Foundation of Modern French Nation-State

The course of the foundation of French modern nation-state began from the Revolution of 1789 and ended in the Revolution of July in 1830.Talleyrand's political activities went through this course.During the Revolution of 1789,he accelerated the nationalization of temporal and participated in drafting the Declaration of Human Rights.During the period of Le directoire,he reformed the Foreign Ministry of France.During the reign of Napoleon,he took part in the negotiation of a series of important treaties and tried to restrain the ambition of Napoleon.During the restoration of Bourbons,he drafted the Charter of 1814,upholding the accomplishment of the Revolution of 1789.During the Revolution of July,1830 he discarded Bourbons and sustained Louis Philippe.The historical facts showed that Talleyrand always regarded the interests of French nation-state as the yardstick of his political activities and contributed greatly to the formation of modern French nation-state.