基于女性主义视角的我国居住空间历史变迁研究

女性主义的研究扩展到建筑学与规划学领域。其实自古以来的居住空间规划与设计都是权力外化的体现,女性虽然有使用权,但却没有支配权。女性与居住空间的关系不仅是衡量女性自身发展状况的重要维度,也是折射居住空间随社会进步的一面镜子。文章从女性主义出发,认为居住空间是女性气质化的空间,以历史的角度说明居住空间中女性角色地位的变化,研究历史对当今居住空间的影响,初步探索女性与居住空间关系的基本构架。

A STUDY ON CHINESE HISTORICAL CHANGES IN RESIDENTIAL SPACE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FEMINISM

Residential space, as the most important integral part of urban space, is the closest space to human. Along with the acceleration of China's urbanization and the urban evolvement, people's lifestyle and values changed. So many problems and challenges are emerged in residential space. This paper aims to research on Chinese historical changes in residential space from the perspective of feminism. The rise of feminism makes the study of women extended to the field of architecture and planning. In fact, the discussion of gender differences always exists in the space. But the residential space planning and design are the out-appearance of power. Although women have the right to use, but there is no dominance. The relationship between women and residential space is not only a measure for women's self-development, but also a progress reflection of the residential space. From the feminist point of view, the paper divides city place into male and female temperament space, and explains women's relationship with the residential space which has female temperament. It explores the changes of women's behavior and statue role from a historical perspective. In the early primitive society, living space was a symbol of women's body shape; in the matriarchal society, there is the tradition that women occupied the dominant position of residential space; in the patriarchal clan society, women have become the accessory of living space and the orientation of the residential space represents gender level; in feudal society, living space is divided by standards of women's morality; in modern society, women have had to accept the existing settlement patterns which created by men. And the development of living space from the primary physical space to the right space to functional space. The historical changes of relation between women and residential space have a profound impact on three aspects of the residential space in today's China. First, the disadvantaged status of women makes residential planning depart from women's living desire. Second, China's historical tradition suppresses the feminist thinking of residential space. Third, under the influence of Chinese traditional settlement patterns, the support for women living system is lack. The paper establishes the basic framework of feminist residential space and cause great attention of the living space for women's thinking and behavior needs.