陕甘宁接壤区反贫困策略

陕甘宁接壤区是西部最为贫困的地区之一,2000年末仍有50余万人口未能脱贫。文章在分析本区贫困问题现状基础上,提出未来反贫困的主要途经是:转移贫困人口,减少贫困区人口数量;加快交通建设,提高贫困区与外界的空间可达性;加强生态环境建设;控制人口增长,提高人口素质;发展特色经济;加速乡镇企业及非公有制经济发展;大力发展旅游业。并相应提出新世纪反贫困的制度创新对策:加大对贫困地区的扶持力度;建立生态保护补偿机制;放弃粮食自给;赋予地方政府对大型矿藏资源的较大支配权。

COUNTERMEASURES OF ANTIPOVERTY IN ADJACENT AREA OF SHANXI-GANSU-NINGXIA

Located in the Center of loess plateau, adjacent area of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, including Yanan, Yulin of Shaanxi province, Wuzhong, Guyuan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Pingliang, Qingyang in Gansu province, cover a total area of 152800km² where more than 13.66 million people of different nationalities are residing.The area is one of the poorest areas in west China and lags behind the developed areas because of its historical, economic, social, natural and geographical conditions.At the end of 2000, there are still half of million people who are living in absolute poverty.
In order to quickening process of antipoverty, the authors put forward the following suggestion.
①Decreasing the population in poor area by quickening the process of urbanization, encouraging and supporting poor rural households with extremely difficult living environment to move out of areas, transferring labor forces from poor areas into towns or cities to increase the chance of employment.② Accelerating the construction of transportation to improve spatial accessibility of the adjacent with outside.Especially paying great attention to constructing highway between main cities in the adjacent and outside.③Strengthening ecological environmental protection.④Controlling the growth of population, developing public health and education, improving the quality of the poor.⑤Seizing opportunities to develop special economy based on its natural and human resources, constructing production bases of local specialty with high quality, developing fine products and comprehensive utilization of resources. Furthermore, a favorable system should be created by government of various levels.⑥Developing the village and town enterprises and non-public economy vigorously.⑦Devoting more efforts to the development of tourism.
The countermeasures of the institution innovation in the adjacent in new century are as follows:①Increasing the state capital and favorable policies support for poverty area.②Forming compensation mechanism of ecological protection that aims to compensating the expenditure on ecological environment.③Abolishing policies of food self-support in eco-fragile areas.④Endow ing the local government with ownership of large-scale mineral resources, no matter who exploit, local governments must have more much share of interest in exploitation of those resources.