1982-2000年中国人力资本受教育程度空间变化研究

1982-2000年三次人口普查反映中国人口受教育程度具有较大的变化,但其在时空上分布具有其特点:在时间上大学、高中非义务教育人口增长速度呈加速趋势,人口的受教育程度在质和量的明显改善;在空间上具有南北、东西发展差异,以东西差异为主,东西地带性差异比南北地带性差异大,人口的受教育程度空间差距正在逐渐缩小,南北差距的收敛速度快于东西。在运动趋势上,1980年代受教育人口的运动趋势与经济运动方向一致,1990年代出现受教育人口的运动趋势与经济运动方向在南北方向一致,而东西方向相反的趋势。

A STUDY ON SPATIAL DIFFERENCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BETWEEN 1982 TO 2000 IN CHINA

Great changes had taken place in Chinese population education attainment, which had its own characteristics both in history and in space during 1982-2000. Based on data from the 3rd -5th census of china, we found the phenomena as follow:①the average years of population education attainment had added rapidly from 4.61 in 1982 to 7.09 in 2000; ②the growth rate of non-obligation education population such as college and high school education has been accelerating, and the quantity and quality of population education in China had improved; ③there are spatial difference in population education, mainly the difference between the North and the South and the difference between the East and the West, but the gap of former is larger than that of the latter.
And we mainly focused on the gap between the North and the South and the difference between the East and the West. Firstly, as a whole, the gap has become smaller in the past 20 years, but the convergence rate of gap between the North and the South is bigger than that of between the East and the West; Secondly, in 1980s, the motion turn of the population educational attainment is completely along with that of the economy, but in 1990s the motion turn of the population educational attainment is along with that of the economy in the North-south orientation, adverse in the East-west orientation; Thirdly, the human capital spatial difference embodied not only in the inter-region but also in the intra-region; Finally, the different level of human capital were influenced by the economy development:the relationship index between high school and above education population and the developed economic province is higher, but that of primary education population has low relationship with the economy.
Considering the regional difference, different human capital development strategy should be taken:in the East-belt, primarily expanding the scale of high school and above education; in the Mid-belt, amplifying the scale of high school professional education; and in the West-belt, propagating the obligation education and enhancing the drill training. Especially, in the West-belt, we must take the advantage of the West Big Development to improve the infrastructure of the cities, and make the cities the brain basin. After this human capital development strategy carried out, we believe that education can make the regional development convergence.