近代西北皮毛产地及流通市场研究

甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、绥远、察哈尔以及陕西的北部位于我国农牧分界线以北地区,是我国主要的皮毛产地,近代中国70%以上的皮毛产于这一地区。近代西北皮毛市场兴起是以天津开埠为起点。天津开埠后逐渐成为中国北方最大的港口和出口市场,其经济腹地不断由华北向西北延伸,带动了近代西北皮毛市场的兴起。近代中外贸易的主要特点是西方列强利用不平等条约对中国原料的掠夺。因此,在西北皮毛市场兴起的过程中,外商、洋行、买办起了先导作用。在近代西北皮毛的市场链中,以产地市场为基础,以中转市场为枢纽,以出口市场为尾闾,形成了比较完整的市场体系。皮毛市场的勃兴,对西北区域市场与国际市场的联系产生了至关重要的作用,增加了西北地区经济发展的现代化因素。

On the Producing Area and Markets of the Fur in the Northwest of Modern China

Gansu,Ningxia,Qinghai,Xinjiang,Suiyuan,Chahaer,and the north part of Shanxi province to the north of the boundary between agriculture and livestock farming is the main producing area of fur.In modern China,more than 70% of fur was produced in this district.The modern fur markets started from the opening of Tianjin.With Tianjin becoming the biggest port and export market,its influence expanded from the North China to the Northwest,and pro- moted the rising of the modern Northwest fur market.It was the chief characteristic of modern Sino-foreign trade that the Western Great powers robbed raw materials by the unequal treaties.Therefore,the foreign merchants,foreign banks and compradors played a guiding role in the rising of the Northwest fur markets.The integrated Northwest fur market system consisted of the market of sources which was the base,the transfer market which was the hub,and the export market which was the last stage.The vigorous growth of the fur market has connected the Northwest regional market with the international market,and promoted the development of the modern economy in the Northwest.