中国早期工业化进程中的二元模式——以近代民族棉纺织业为例

鸦片战争后,自然经济结构的瓦解,民族机器棉纺织业“突发式”的产生,以及乡村棉织业的发展,19世纪末20世纪初的清末民初时期,棉纺织业成为跨手工业和民族机器工业的“两栖”行业,成为早期工业化进程中二元模式的典型。二元模式中既存在着竞争,也存在着互补,但互补构成两者间关系的主导面。从原始工业化到工业化的过渡具有渐进性和渐近性,后发现代化国家在进行工业化建设的同时必须抓住这个规律,坚持走移植与嫁接并举的二元工业化道路。

The Dual Mode of Early Industrialization in China

After the Opium War, China's natural economy fragmented, her national mechanical cotton textile industry started in a abruptive way, and rural villiage cotton textile industry grew. By the turn of the last century, the end of the Manchus Dynasty and the start of the Republic of China, China's cotton textile had became an "amphibious" industry covering handicraft and national mechanical production, a striking example of dual mode in the process of early industrialization. Both competition and complement existed inside this mode, yet complement is the predominating aspect. It is a gradually progressing and approaching process of transformation from protoindustrialization to mechanical production. Later-modernizing states must grasp this regular rules and undertake industrial construction by persisting in the dual ways of transplanting and grafting, thus follow a dual industrialization line.