国际法对文化遗产旅游利用认识的演进

文化遗产保护的国际法是文化遗产保护和利用的基本依据.本文通过梳理近百年来国际法中关于旅游利用方面的内容,揭示了国际法对旅游利用的认识与态度的变化趋势.本文认为,国际法对文化遗产旅游利用的认识与态度的重要转变主要体现在3个方面,即：从对环境影响的关注到对经济社会文化影响的关注;从对遗产的原真性与完整性保护需要的关注到对社区发展与游客精神体验需要的关注;从对待旅游利用被动、消极的态度到主动、积极的态度.我国当前的文化遗产旅游利用实践远未与国际法接轨,遗产保护与旅游利用的立法尚处于缺失阶段,因此须完善文化遗产保护与利用的相关立法以引导和规范文化遗产旅游利用的实践.

On the Evolution of International Rules Regarding the Understandings of Tourism Use of Cultural Heritage

International rules and regulations regarding cuhural heritages are the rationale for protecting and utilizing them. In the context of cultural tourism, the understandings and attitudes of international rules and regulations towards tourism use have experienced great changes. By summarizing and analyzing the international rules and regulations regarding tourism use, this paper aims to reveal the significant changes and evolving trends of their understandings and attitudes toward tourism, as well as their legislative implications for China. The authors believe that three major changes have occurred during the past hundred years： 1. focus on tourism impacts evolving from environmental to economic and social-cultural; 2. acknowledgement of not only the importance of heritage preservation, but also that of community development and tourist experience; 3. attitudes towards tourism use evolving from passive and negative to initiative and positive. However, China＇ s current practice of the tourism use of cultural heritage is far away from keeping pace with the changes of international rules, and it＇ s still in need of relative legislation on heritage preservation and tourism use. The paper appeals to perfect relative legislation to guide and regulate tourism use of cultural heritages.