中古教廷财政收入动态考察

中世纪教皇的财政来源由属世与属灵两种收入构成。前者是教皇担当世俗封建宗主而获得的收入 ,主要反映教皇与教皇国的财政关系 ;后者是教皇充当天主教世界首脑而获得的收入 ,反映教皇与西欧各国教会的财政关系。通过对两种财源不同时期在教廷总收入中所占比重的量化分析 ,证明以教会大分裂为界 ,教皇的财源发生了从依赖于属灵收入到属世收入的转变。教廷属灵财权的萎缩为近代民族国家的兴起与宗教的改革铺平了道路

An Examination of the Financial Income of the Papacy in the Medieval Period

The financial income of the Papacy during the medieval period can be divided into temporal and religious income. The former signifies the income associated with the Pope's status as a secular, feudal lord, and reflects the financial relationship between the Pope and the papal state. The latter refers to income derived as a result of the Pope's status as the head of world Catholicism, and reflects the relationship between the Pope and the churches of various Western European states. An analysis of the proportions of Papal income derived from these two sources during different periods suggests that, along with the split in the church, the major source of income shifted from religious to temporal. The decline in income associated with religion paved the way for the rise of modern nation states and a religious reformation.