先秦社会弓矢藏礼及其文化意蕴考论

在器以藏礼的先秦社会,弓矢被广泛运用于各种礼仪活动,衍生出兵器之外的另一种社会属性,内化了辨尊卑、别贵贱、表祈祷、达礼敬、明约信、示敬奉、喻征伐、彰德行、抗天命、蕴威仪等丰富的礼仪内涵。通过文化人类学的视角可以窥见,弓矢成为了表达礼差的物化载体,具有明显的等差性;同时,因其本身的自然与文化属性,弓矢也成为了时人表达思想观念、社会情感的具象化载体。可以说,弓矢藏礼现象是反映先秦礼乐社会特性的一个重要窗口。

On the Etiquette Hidden in Bow and Arrow and its Cultural Implication in Pre-Qin Society

Bows and arrows were widely used in various ceremonies in the etiquette hidden in objects of pre-Qin society. Accordingly,bows and arrows developed a social attribute except weapon function,they internalized a wealth of etiquette of differ-entiating between superiors and inferiors,distinguishing between noble and humble,expressing prayer,showing politeness and re-spect,indicating pledge and credit, rendering homage and service, symbolizing conquest, demonstrating virtue, highlighting the pomp and circumstance,rebelling against heaven and others. Through the perspective of cultural anthropology,we can glimpse that bows and arrows become the materialized carriers of expressing the difference of etiquette and have distinctive features of hierar-chical differences. At the same time,bows and arrows also become the concrete carriers that people express ideas and social emo-tions because of their own natural and cultural characteristics. It can be said that the phenomenon of etiquette hidden in bow and arrow is an important window to reflect the characteristics of ritual and music society of the pre-Qin period.