魏玛共和国犹太人的德国认同

魏玛共和国犹太人在政治、文化和宗教生活方式上都表现出高度的德国认同。德国犹太人的这种国家认同既有重要的历史基础,也是现实的需要和客观环境压力的结果。魏玛共和国犹太人的德国认同突出表现在两个方面:一是将犹太教、犹太文化限定于宗教和文化的而非民族的层面,从而减少其与"德国国家认同"的冲突;二是强调犹太人与德国主流民族、语言、文化和历史的紧密关系。犹太人的德国认同对其族群产生了重要影响:犹太族群中发展出了对东方犹太人的歧视;排斥犹太复国主义;低估反犹主义的危害,以致对大规模地迫害、屠杀犹太人缺乏预见性等。

The Jewish German Identity in Weimar Republic

German Jews had a high degree of identity with the German nation,culture and religious life in Weimar Republic. The Jewish German identity was formed by history and realistic pressure.The Jewish German identity outstandingly represented in two ways:they viewed “Judaism”and “Jewish Culture”as religious and culture rather than nation to avoid the conflicts with their German identity.At the same time,the close ties between Jews and German mainstream nation,language,culture and history.The Jewish German indentity had important impact on Jewish ehtnic.They were indifferent to the Ostjuden,opposed Zionism and under-estimated the harm of anti-Semitism,failed to predict the mass murder and persecution.