宋代宣徽使初探

宣徽院是唐代以来的一种宫廷服务机构,长官为宣徽使。唐宋时期,宣徽使的权力经历了从盛到衰、由实到虚的变化过程。鉴于唐代宣徽使专权乱政之弊,宋代的宣徽使不再任用宦官,并将其职权逐步虚化;到元丰官制改革时,先后废除了宣徽院和宣徽使。宋代的宣徽使地位高,叙位仅在参知政事、枢密副使、同知枢密事之后,但除宋初外,其多为寄禄官,已无实权。宋代设置宣徽使近130年,任用的宣徽使有44名。宋代对宣徽使的选任较为谨慎,这种防弊之政维护了皇权,收到了良好的政治效果。

A Study on Xuanhuishi of the Song Dynasty

Xuanhuiyuan was an institution services for palace since Tang Dynasty,and its senior official was Xuanhuishi. The Xuanhuishi’ s power has gone a change from prosperity to decline and from the real to the week from Tang to Song Dynas-ty. In order to avoiding the authorization of Xuanhuishi in Tang Dynasty,Xuanhuishi wasn’ t appointed eunuch and its power was limited in Song Dynasty. Xuanhuiyuan and Xuanhuishi were successively abolished in Yuanfeng Reformation. Xuanhuishi had an important status in early Song Dynasty,its sorted was only behind Canzhizhengshi,Shumifushi and Tongzhishumishi.But it was an officer have official rank no duties,hadn’ t real authority in most time of Song Dynasty. 44 Xuanhuishi were been in office of 130 years. The Song court carefully selected and appointed Xuanhuishi and received a good political effect.