中国古代王朝战争的地缘模式探讨

中国古代王朝战争深受中国地缘环境的影响,并具有与地缘环境相应的地缘模式。这一特征不仅构成了中国古代战争规律的一个重要方面,而且很大程度上影响中国历史的进程。本文从中国古代战场(点)的地理分布、战争路线和战略方向的空间取向以及战略区域(面)的区位结构三个方面论述了这一模式的构成。力图揭示这三者之间的内在联系,从而在整体上呈现中国古代王朝战争所特有的地缘战争景观。

STUDY ON THE GEOPOLITICAL MODEL OF WARS IN ANCIENT CHINESE DYNASTIES

Chinese dynasty wars were deeply influenced by the geopolitical surroundings which matched with a geopolitical model.This character not only constituted an important part of the rule of ancient Chinese wars,but also greatly affected the process of Chinese history. The activity space of ancient history in China existed in the relatively integrated geographical environment of East Asia.These strategic regions acted as the bond which related the outside boundary to inner center.This kind of geopolitical structure made the dynasty war of ancient China possessed a clear-cut aim and relatively stable mode,which is to find the foothold from border area and control the central plain and develop territory outside the boundary.This kind of pattern greatly affected and limited the rule of dynasty war in ancient China. First,the geographical distribution of battlefield concentrated in the geographical center region and geopolitical region,which was always on the tendency to expand southwards with the displacement of the economic center and the spread of the central plain.Second,compared with the static state factor of the spatial relationship between geo-strategic region and geographical center region,the change of the authority center with the transfer of economic center can be called dynamic state factor.The combination of the two factors greatly affected and limited the choice of war route and strategic direction,and to a great extent decided the success and failure of the war.And last,the practice of long-term unified war made the military significance of geo-strategic region clear,and entrusted it the geopolitics significance,which built up the geography coordinate of the unified dynasty. The paper discussed the composition of the geopolitical model from the distribution of ancient Chinese battlefields(point),the spatial orientation of the directions of marching routes and strategies(line) and the regional structure of the strategic regions(surface),thus presented a typical geopolitical landscape of ancient Chinese dynasty war.