评清朝的西藏政策

清朝重新统一西藏后,通过册封、定制、设官、驻军等措施,并扶持达赖、班禅成为西藏的政教领袖,建立了政教合一的噶厦制度,实现了对西藏的有效管理和统治,维护了清朝在西藏的主权和领土完整,其西藏政策对后世产生了深远影响。本文从反分裂主义的角度重新审视清朝的西藏政策,认为清朝的治藏政策重政治、军事,而轻经济、文化,导致西藏与祖国内地的经济文化交流、民族融合明显滞后,为近代西藏分裂主义的产生埋下了隐患。

The Tibet policy of the Qing Dynasty

After regaining control over Tibet,the Qing dynasty had implemented several measures including conferring titles to the political and religious heads of Tibet,establishing the administrative system,appointing officials,stationing troops,reassuring Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama to be the leaders of both the secular government and the Tibetan Buddhist religion,and finally building up a theocracy system called "Gaxag".Those efforts allowed the Qing government to rule Tibet effectively and maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity and significantly influenced the Tibet policy of later ages.This essay reviews the Qing dynasty’s Tibet policy from an anti\|secessionism perspective and suggests that those policies ignored the economic and culture factors.The weak economic\|culture connection between Tibet and inland China potentially caused a Tibet secessionism in the early twentieth century.