论近代英国内阁制的形成

英国是西方世界首创内阁制的国家。早在斯图亚特王朝后期,在种种主客观因素的推动下,此前处于萌芽状态的内阁逐渐走向公开化、独立化、制度化,由此标志着内阁制在英国的形成。不过,与18世纪中后叶的责任制内阁相比,此间的内阁依然残留着君主政治的痕迹。对于王权的依附以及与议会之间缺乏必然的关联,使得责任制在内阁中还未建立起来。只有到汉诺威王朝时期,当王权急剧衰落、议会主权地位确立后,早期的内阁制才完成了向责任内阁制的转变。

The Formation of Cabinet System in Modern Britain

Britain was the first country in Western world to establish the cabinet system.During the later period of Stuart Dynasty in 1689-1714,owing to some subjective and objective factors,the cabinet in embryo of the earlier period had gradually gained its publicity,independence and institutionalization,which indicated the formation of cabinet system in modern Britain.However,the cabinet in this period had remained some vestiges of monarch politics,as compared to the responsible cabinet in the middle and later per...