浅析中世纪晚期西欧官吏阶层的产生

中世纪晚期西欧人身依附关系逐渐松弛,人们在城市生活中建立起以利益为核心的社会秩序。对构建公共权力的需要促使西欧各国开始通过议会走上建立统一的、中央集权国家的道路。官吏阶层的产生正是这一进程的产物。这些人不同于以往向领主个人效忠的封臣,他们接受过大学教育并领取薪俸,而且担负起由公共权力赋予的事务。官吏阶层在法律秩序的统一、国家公共职能的确立等方面发挥了重要作用,成为西欧社会结构变革的重要组成部分。

On the Emergence of Officeholders of Western Europe in the Late Middle Ages

In the Later Middle Ages,the dependency relationships were collapsing.People who were throwing off personal bondage gradually shared common interests and ideas about the city life,which began a new way of social integration.From city assembly to parliament,more differentiated individual interests were collected under a centralization of authority.The needs of constructing a collective authority urged countries in Western Europe to build unified and centralized states.The emergence of officeholders was the o...