中国国民党“党国”体制述评

在西方政党政治潮流及苏俄体制的影响下,中国国民党总理孙中山形成了一套颇有特色的"党治"理念,为此后中国国民党执政体制奠定了理论基础.1926年,广州国民政府初步建立起中国历史上第一个"党国"体制.1927年4月,伴随着南京国民政府成立和全国统一,中国国民党继续实施其"党国"体制."党国"体制的核心在于,作为执政党的中国国民党,以党的意识形态作为治国的基本原则,以"党政双轨制"的权力管理体系作为自上而下的行政运作模式.这一独具特色的行政管理体制,既是西方政党政治理念特别是苏俄政党体制进入中国政坛的结果,也是传统中国政治文化与西方现代政党体制及理念相互作用的产物.由于理念与利益的分化,"党国"体制不仅形成了中国现代政治制度及其运作模式的重大变革,成为中国国民党统治体系内党、政、军利益纷争的根源,也由于党、政两条管理系统并存且关系滞碍而导致行政成本倍增,进而演变为中国国民党政治制度上的一大顽症.

Commentary on Kuomintang's system of Party and State

Influenced by western Party politics and the socialism of former Soviet Union, Sun Yat-sen, the prime minister of China's Kuomintang, shaped a series of distinctive thoughts in Party-Rein system which set a theoretical foundation for Kuomintang's later reign. In 1926, National Government in Guangzhou initially established the first Party-State system in Chinese history. In April 1927, with the establishment of national government in Nanjing and the national consolidation, Kuomintang's Party-State system was still in execution. The point in Party-State system is that the party's ideology was considered as the principle in state affairs managing, a "double-track system of the Party and the Government" as the administering mode. The distinctive administering mode is not only resulted from the introduction of western party ideology especially the administering mode of Soviet Russia Party system, but also from the interaction between traditional Chinese political ideology and modern western party ideology. Because of the differentiation of thought and good, Party-State system brought tremendous revolution into modern Chinese politics and its operating mode, turning into the root of good-wrangling among the party, government and army, also to be the defect in political system of Kuomintang in virtue of the increasing cost made by disharmony between party and the government.