景观社会:当代旅游研究的情境主义视角

景观社会理论范式可以溯源于马克思的消费理论,如今已成为当代颇具解释力的社会研究范式之一,对旅游研究尤具启发性。本文梳理了景观社会范式的理论渊源,归纳了其本体论、认识论和方法论,说明了它为景观消费、景观空间文化、情境体验以及后现代景观生产等领域提供的理论框架与方法进路,阐释了其核心概念群和基本理念,展示了景观社会理论范式与旅游现象和研究的双向关系。该研究亦梳理了景观社会范式在国内外旅游领域中已有的实践与方法变迁,进而指出该范式日益丰富的未来领域与本土化实践,为旅游体验研究领域的拓展和深化提供新的理论视角,为分析和解决旅游发展中的社会、文化、空间、消费,以及景观建构等问题提供新的理论路径。

THE SOCIETY OF THE SPECTACLE: A NEW RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE OF MODERN TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SITUATIONISM

The society of the spectacle is a theory developed by Guy Debord, the founder of the Situationism International. It originated from the consume theory of Carl Max and has become one of the theories with the most explanatory power in social science. This paper explains how the theory of the society of the spectacle not only involves consumption, it is also the philosophy of art, design, planning, individual experience and gaze in tourism study. This article also summarizes the theoretical origin of the theory of the society of the spectacle; explains its ontology, epistemology and methodology; introduces its core conceptions and ideas; summarizes the bidirectional relationship between tourism and the society of spectacle paradigm; interprets its function in the field of spectacle consumption, spectacle space culture, situation experience, and the post-modern spectacle production. This research also illustrates the application of the theory of the society of the spectacle in tourism study and the transitions of its method. The theories in Debord's system are closely connected with the tourism theories from MacCannell, Boorstin, and Urry, etc., and shows a more systematical structure as a whole paradigm. For tourism study, the society of the spectacle as a paradigm offers a theory system to explain the supply and demand of modern tourism. At last， this research points out the increasing fields of this paradigm an its local practice in China in order to offer a new theoretical entrance for the analysis of social, cultural, spatial and consumption issues in the development of tourism.