乡村旅游地居民相对剥夺感的前因和后果研究：基于个体心理学视角

旅游开发给乡村旅游地带来了深刻影响，作为东道主的当地居民对旅游发展的情感和行为直接关系到旅游业的长远发展。文章从个体心理角度，通过对婺源340位居民进行问卷调查，考察了内归因对积极应对行为的影响，并探讨了相对剥夺感的中介效应和自我效能感的调节效应。研究结果表明：①内归因对积极应对行为有正向影响；②相对剥夺感在内归因与积极应对行为之间存在部分中介效应；③自我效能感负向调节了相对剥夺感和积极应对行为的关系，即对于自我效能感高的居民，其相对剥夺感对积极应对行为的负向影响会被削弱。研究结果不仅从理论上丰富了归因方式、相对剥夺感、应对行为的关系研究，也为乡村旅游地社区治理提供了建议。

A STUDY ON THE CAUSE AND EFFECT VARIABLES OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION OF RURAL TOURISM RESIDENTS: AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Tourism development has a profound impact on rural tourism areas, and the feelings and behaviors of local residents, as the host, are directly related to the long-term development of tourism. The theory of relative deprivation has wide application potential in improving residents' support for tourism development. However, most of the existing researches on the relative deprivation of residents in tourist destinations are conducted from the macro-level reasons and persuasion mechanism, and to a certain extent, the micro psychological level research is ignored. From the perspective of individual-based psychology, through a questionnaire survey of 340 residents in Wuyuan, this paper investigates the influence of internal attribution on positive coping behavior and discussed the mediating effect of relative deprivation and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. The results show that internal attribution has a positive effect on positive coping behavior. Residents with internal attribution tend to take positive coping behaviors such as seeking help and cognitive restructuring. Relative deprivation plays a part in mediating role between internal attribution and positive coping behavior. The stronger the sense of relative deprivation, the more skeptical and dissatisfied the residents will be to the social norms, and the more inclined they are to adopt negative coping behaviors such as deviant behavior and resistance rather than positive coping behaviors.