国外女性贫困研究进展与启示——基于地理学领域的研究

男性和女性除了有生理性别差异,还有通过心理、文化和社会手段构建的社会性别差异,两者共同导致女性在健康、就业、教育、人际、资产等领域的相对弱势地位。近年,由发达国家主导的女性贫困研究热度持续增加,发展中国家研究逐渐增多,但国内研究仍在起步阶段。运用CiteSpace软件分析国外地理学领域的女性贫困研究最新进展,发现研究热点集中在基于空间差异的女性贫困研究、基于社会剥夺的女性贫困研究,以及女性减贫的政策建议研究。基于研究热点与社会性别理论,本文提炼出女性贫困研究框架体系,并总结了内在因素和外部环境共同作用的女性致贫解释机制,认为女性贫困是地区经济、文化与政治的折射。最后提出未来中国女性贫困地理研究建议,以期为推进以性别为切入点的精准扶贫做出贡献。

REVIEWS ON FOREIGN FEMALE POVERTY STUDIES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT:BASED ON GEOGRAPHY AREA

Studies on female poverty began to rise gradually in the middle and late 20 th century.In recent years,research on poverty among female gained popularity led by the western country,especially by the United States,focusing on the fields of medicine,economics and social sciences.In the meantime,the research from developing countries gradually increased.This paper analyzed the latest progress of foreign studies on female poverty in geography from 2002 to 2017 by using citation analysis software CiteSpace.It was found that the research is mainly based on summarizing different geospatial and social deprivation,analyzing the characteristics of female poverty in the region or discriminating the phenomenon of feminization of poverty,exploring the influencing factors and mechanism of action,and carrying out relevant policy research.Based on research hotspot and social gender theory,this paper abstracts the research framework system of female poverty,and summarizes the explanation mechanism of female poverty mainly caused by the gender difference formed by the external environment factors and the internal physiological gender differences,resulting in deprivation of physical and mental health,human capital and employment,land and housing assets,time burden,space accessibility and migration,and other aspects,forming different groups of poor female.