参与式摄影在西方人文地理学中的应用和启示

参与式摄影在近十年来受到西方人文地理学研究的关注。这种研究方法要求被研究者在给定的主题下主动拍摄照片或视频,以具象化其日常生活和活动路径,从而展现其动态的、身体化的、非表征化的行为过程。这一方法不仅能促使研究者和被研究者之间的有效沟通,还能唤起被研究者的情感和记忆,从而促进调研的开展。本研究通过对西方人文地理学研究中相关文献的梳理,对参与式摄影的主要类型、步骤及其在西方人文地理学研究中的应用范围、优势和局限性等进行了介绍,并梳理了参与式摄影在西方人文地理学研究中的应用价值和意义。在此基础上,本研究指出国内未来研究可应用参与式摄影方法的三个方向:(1)边缘群体和少数族群的地方感及其对地方意义的建构;(2)日常生活和微观空间地理研究;(3)社会现象和生活环境的变化对人们地方认同的影响。

PARTICIPATORY PHOTOGRAPHY IN WESTERN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

The method of participatory photography has been widely adapted by human geographers of the West in the past decade. This method is a complex qualitative approach which emphasizes the central role of the research participants. It requires participants to take photos or record videos in order to present their actual routines and feelings in the quotidian. It thus not only alters the power relationship between researchers and participants, but also evokes participants' emotions and memories that enable effective communications. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the recent body of literature on the application of participatory photography in Western human geography, this article summarizes the main types of participatory photography method which include Auto-photography, Photo-elicitation, Participatory video, Visitor employed photography, and PhotoVoice, explains its research processes and discusses its advantages and limitations. Our key findings suggest that participatory photography can, 1) Stimulate participants' aspiration to express themselves by evoking their feelings and memories; 2) Enhance meaningful communications between researchers and participants; 3) Raise participants' key role in research and increase their sense of participation in research process; 4) Promote researchers to explore participants' sense of place/space and social relations which reshape their daily practice. However, this research methods has some limitations.