不同类型传统村落脆弱性比较研究

以湘南地区作为研究单元，多元化获取数据，运用“敏感-暴露-适应”分析框架和数理模型评价法对3种类型、6个村落的脆弱程度和致脆因素进行比较研究。结果表明：①务工型强脆弱、工贸型中脆弱、旅游型微脆弱；②旅游型和工贸型属复合E-A致脆类型，务工型属均衡E-A-S致脆类型；③务工型的敏感性远大于其他类型，民俗文化和村落居民是主要敏感因子；④旅游型为强暴露、工贸型为中暴露、务工型为微暴露。城镇化和旅游开发是主要暴露因素；⑤旅游型的适应性最高，工贸型次之，务工型最差；⑥不同类型村落的致脆短板因素差异较大。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON VULNERABILITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES

The quantitative evaluation index system of landscape vulnerability of traditional village was constructed by using the framework of ‘sensitive exposure adaptability’. According to the difference of industry and income, the traditional villages are divided into three types: Tourism type, industry and trade type and migrant type, with Hunan Province as the research area, and 2 villages are selected as case villages for each type. The data were obtained from field surveys, literature reviews, questionnaires and interviews, and village vulnerability was calculated by a mathematical model method. The results show that: 1) From perspective of the degree of vulnerability, the migrant type presents the strong vulnerability, the industry and trade type presents the medium vulnerability, and the tourism type presents the micro-vulnerability; 2) From the perspective of system layer's brittle structure, tourism type, industry and trade type belong to compound fragile E-A type, and migrant type belongs to balanced E ≤ A-S type; 3) In terms of sensitivity, the sensitivity of migrant type is much higher than that of the other two types. 4) In terms of exposure, tourism type is the strong exposure, industry and trade type is the medium exposure and migrant type is the micro exposure. 5) In terms of adaptability, the tourism type is the highest, the industry and trade type is the second, and the migrant type is the worst. The main contributing factors of tourist villages are maintenance ability (O) and ideology (C). 6) There are also some differences among different types of villages in terms of brittle short plates.