多维贫困视角下的旅游扶贫与空间正义研究——以贵州施秉喀斯特世界遗产地社区为例

旅游扶贫作为促进贫困地区经济发展的主要手段，在产生经济效益的同时亦存在众多社会矛盾，然而以往研究更多强调主体利益，而未从空间的本质去探讨社会矛盾的表现及过程。本文从多维贫困视角，以施秉喀斯特世界遗产地的牌楼冲社区为例，通过深度访谈等研究方法，探讨旅游扶贫产生的空间非正义的问题。研究认为，旅游扶贫对社区产生的效应有经济收入增加但不均衡、村民参与旅游但机会不平等和旅游服务技能提升但参与能力欠缺三方面，这是由资源不公正分配、村民自主决策权缺失和社区参与边缘化等空间非正义过程导致的。本研究对中国传统乡村向旅游乡村转型的空间再组织过程中，由经济制度、旅游政策、资本、发展话语与实践所带来的社会冲突与风险提供了一个新的分析视角，也促进对旅游扶贫的效应及其空间正义问题的反思。

RESEARCH ON SPATIAL JUSTICE AND PRO-POOR TOURISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: THE CASE STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY IN SHIBING KARST WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

In the poor areas rich in tourism resources, pro-poor tourism often becomes the main tool to develop the local economy. While increasing income and employment, there are also some problems such as spatial difference in income, unfair economic distribution and gender division of labor. Previous studies have focused on the interests of the subjects rather than discussing the expression and process of social contradictions from the nature of spatiality. The exploration of the effects of tourism poverty alleviation lacks the spatial dimension, specially from the perspective of multidimensional poverty (including economic poverty, ability poverty and right poverty). This study takes Pailouchong, the gate community of Shibing Karst World Heritage Site as an example to explore pro-poor tourism and spatial justice by in-depth interview from the perspective of multidimensional poverty. The findings show that there are three kinds of effects:residents' incomes have increased but not balanced, they can participate in tourism but the opportunity is unequal, and their tourism service skills have improved but participation abilities is insufficient.