从个体旅游到群体旅游:共同在场下的城市家庭亲子旅游行为研究

传统基于个体旅游视角构建的旅游理论和模型,无法有效阐释亲子旅游等"群体旅游"现象。理解游客需要将其放置到"生理因素-个体行为-交往-关系-组群-社会"的社会复杂性连续层面,及其在不同旅游情景中的不同角色功能。通过研究城市家庭亲子旅游行为,以期回答"群体旅游"中个体成员内部之间的互动关系。研究发现：家庭旅游活动成为家长精心组织和策划的,以"出去玩"见世面"涨知识"为鲜明主题,以加强儿童教育作为主要动机,以促进家庭关系作为次要动机的一种休闲安排,"以儿童为中心"的亲子旅游决策特征非常明显。通过神情专注和情感涉入,父母收获了"好的父母"的身份认同和"共同在场"带来的家庭意识。

FROM INDIVIDUAL TOURISM TO GROUP TOURISM: THE TOURIST BEHAVIOR OF URBAN FAMILY PARENT-CHILD TOURISM

Child-centered family travel,i.e.,parent-child tourism,is predicted to grow at a faster rate than all other forms of leisure travel,partly because it represents a way to reunite the family and for family members to spend time with each other.At the same time parent-child tourism is phenomena shaped by changes in contemporary Chinese family structures while the child-centered family arrangement has outstanding importance.But traditional tourism theories and models based on an individual tourist perspective,cannot effectively explain the phenomenon of group tourism,such as parent-child tourism.The concept of the family unit might be in question.In order to understand a tourist,we need to put him into the continuous levels of social complexity of"physiological factors—individual behavior—communication—relationship—group—society",while in different tourist scenarios(individual tourism—small group tourism—big group tourism)acting as different tourist role functions.This paper applies the co-presence theory and in-depth interview method,and takes Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo and Xuanwu Lake Area as research cases,and studies the urban family parent-child tourist behaviors,in order to answer the interactions between individual members in"group tourism".The study found that:1)The child-centered family tourist decision making model,the family identity and collective consciousness brought about by the co-presence with the sentimental and emotional involvements,pose challenges to the traditional tourism theories and models.2)Objectively,we need a new kind of research paradigm from individual tourism to group tourism.