基于健康视角的城市就业者通勤模式选择及影响因素研究——以南京市为例

中国城市出现的居住和就业"空间不匹配"现象,对就业者日常通勤时间和方式产生了重要影响,进而影响就业者健康状况。依托南京市居民身体活动和健康状况问卷调查数据,根据不同通勤方式身体活动量的大小将就业者的通勤模式分为积极通勤、公共交通通勤和机动车通勤三种,构建多项Logistic回归模型探究城市就业者通勤模式的选择及相关影响因素。结果表明:(1)就业者对自身健康的主观认知和客观身体健康状况以及是否散步等健康行为显著影响通勤模式的选择;(2)通勤时间、加班等与工作相关的变量与就业者机动车通勤显著正相关,雨雪天气与积极通勤显著负相关;(3)个体社会经济属性中性别、年龄、家庭人口规模以及是否拥有小汽车等显著影响通勤模式选择。基于研究结果,本文对如何引导就业者选择更加积极和可持续的通勤模式提出了政策建议。

A RESEARCH ON THE CHOICE OF URBAN EMPLOYEES' COMMUTING MODE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS BASED ON HEALTH PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF NANJING

The urbanization process has led to tremendous changes in the inner space of Chinese cities, resulting in "spatial mismatch" between residence and employment, thus affecting the daily commuting behavior of employees. The employed people are more inclined to choose car commuting, while sedentary and lack of physical activity increase their daily health risks, and have a profound impact on their health. This paper takes 8 communities in Nanjing as a case to explore the health factors that influence the choice of commuter mode for full-time employees. The results indicate that:1) employees' subjective cognition of their own health, objective physical health status and health behavior such as walking significantly influence the choice of commuting mode, good self-rated health status was positively correlated with motor vehicle commuting, normal BMI, and no sub-health symptoms were positively correlated with public transport commuting mode, and no chronic diseases were positively correlated with active commuting mode. 2) work-related variables such as commuting time and work overtime have a positive impact on residents' choice of motor vehicle commuting mode, while weather conditions such as rain and snow are significantly negatively correlated with active commuting. 3) gender, age, occupation, family size and car ownership in individual socio-economic attributes significantly influence commuting mode choices.