"九品官人法"中的"中正"

“九品官人法”,是魏晋南北朝时期重要的选举制度。“中正”是“九品官人”过程中具体负责对士人进行察访、品评、定次的最基层组织。九品官人法创立之初,就设立了州中正、郡中正、县中正。曹芳时期,各级中正始有大、小之分。中正在“访举”士人的同时,还有表率乡里、敦行教化、化民正俗之责。中正是非专门性的、地方性的组织。除中正之外,实施“九品官人”的机构还有司徒府、尚书省吏部和中书省。它们各司其职,又相互制约。学界将“九品官人法”误称为“九品中正制”,因而夸大了“中正”地位作用,严重影响了对该制度的正确认识,应该予以纠正。

"Zhongzheng" in "Nine Grades Official Selection System"

Nine grades official selection system was a main selection system for officials in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties."Zhongzheng"was the basic agency which took responsiblility for observing, assessing and ranking the grades. At the very beginning of nine grades official selection system State Zhongzheng, County Zhongzheng, etc. were all established. In the period of Caofang, Zhongzheng was divided into high position and low position. Besides the duties performed, Zhongzheng also played the important role of educating people. Zhongzheng was a non-special, but a local agency. Except Zhongzheng, there were other agencies like Situfu, Zhongshusheng. They all had their own work, but at the same time they were related to each other.For a long time, we took nine grades official selection system as nine grade Zhongzheng system, therefore Zhongzheng's role was exaggerated.