中国文物保护单位的空间分布特征

当前我国正在开展的地域主体功能区规划等相关工作中关于文化遗产保护的内容涉及甚少。在中国复杂多样的自然与人文背景条件下弄清文化遗产的空间相似性与差异性等特征,是面向未来"文化遗产保护区划"划定的重要基础性工作。本文以国家公布的国家级、省级与市县级文物保护单位为数据基础,从历史时期与类型两个角度对国家各级文物保护单位的聚集密度进行分析,并与中国自然地理区域与文化地理区域相结合,阐释中国文物保护单位的空间分布特征。

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL CULTURAL RELIC PROTECTION UNITS

The newly established Development Priority Zoning is a basic guidance of regional development and protection. However,the zoning has largely ignored the concerns of cultural heritage protection. Integrating Development Priority Zones with cultural heritage protection zoning is thus urgently needed,whereas understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of Cultural Relic Protection Units constitutes important basis of the work. Utilizing a first-handed Cultural Relic Protection Unit database,we examined the spatial distribution characteristics of Cultural Relic Protection Units in national,province,and city levels. Spatial clustering analyses are conducted following to the criteria of both category and historical features of Cultural Relic Protection Units. Geographical zoning analysis is then integrated to explain the distribution characteristics. Results show that the spatial features reflect the evolution and communication of the Chinese culture in tempo- spatial dimensions,and that they are largely related to both natural geographical features such as climate and topography,and human geographical features such as regional economic,social and cultural characteristics. In the temporal dimension,Cultural Relic Protection Units prior to Qin Dynasty are distributed mainly in lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River,the Yangtze Delta,and the Jianghan Plain. In the spatial dimension,the most concentrated area of Cultural Relic Protection Units is the middle and lower reach of the Yellow River,specifically central Shaanxi Province,west Henan Province,south Shanxi Province,Beijing,Tianjin,north Hebei Province,and west Shandong Province.s