明朝公祭文文本的政治文化内涵

祭文是祭祀仪式过程中使用的祝祷性文字。明代史籍中保存了大量国家公祭文，按内容可分为常规性祭文与临时性祭文两类。祭文在公祭仪式中被宣读、呈案、焚烧或掩埋，此为祭祀过程的重要环节之一。公祭文文本传递出重要的文化内涵：首先，它以言辞形式传达出祭祀主体之意图，沟通了人神关系；其次，对祭祀主体之身份和统治之正统合法性进行反复强化；再次，表达祈福弥灾，规约官民，震慑鬼类的意图。此外，祭祀文中的各种对象关系展现出时人复杂而微妙的天、神，君、臣、人、鬼观。在祭祀仪式上使用祭文使上述内涵得到彰显，进而增强了群体意识中的“神圣”体悟。

The Political Cultural Implication of the Sacrificial Texts for the State Worship in the Ming Dynasty

The sacrificial texts are commonly used in the state sacrificial events.According to their contents this type of materials left from the Ming period can be divided into two categories,namely,regular and provisional.These texts needed to be read,presented on the table,and set on fire or buried during the ceremonies.All these actions were ways to connect with the objects of the worshiped.These texts are usually with significant cultural connotation.Firstly,they express the intention and relationship of the wo...