国外对城市康体保护空间的研究

对城市康体保护空间的研究涉及医学地理学、健康地理学(或保健地理学)。前者重在探讨如地方病、癌症等的地理生态、地理流行特点、环境病因和疾病制图等领域。中国在此方面的研究已处于世界前列,特别是地理化学因素与地方病和癌症等的病因研究更为突出[2]。后者探讨社群总体健康水平与环境的关系。城市社会地理学出于对城市生活空间质量的探源,研究城市不同区位(或社区)康体保护的水平以及对社区的管制。国外对此方面的研究也可称为城市保健地理。由于国外发达国家已进入高消费阶段,对城市空间的康体性有了很高的期望,因此,在此方面的研究处于领先地位。其创新之处在于,摆脱了传统的与健康有关的城市宏观物资条件的分析,综合与康体有关的社群、行为、管理与社会经济因素的研究,引发了对城市保健地理方面的全面审视。本文在总结国外最新的文献和资料的基础上,从探讨城市生活空间质量水平的角度,全面对城市康体保护空间研究的内容进行总结,并力图用模式的形式表述出来。

RESEARCH ON THE URBAN HEALTH-SPACE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Research on urban health space involves medical geography and health geography. The former puts emphasis on such fields as geographical ecology, geographical prevailing features environmental disease causes and disease charting with all respect to endemic disease and cancer. China, especially in the research on endemic disease and cancers which concern geographical and chemical factors, ranks first in the world. The latter probes into the relation between the overall health level of the community and environment with a view to exploring the source of urban space quality of living and to the study of different community level of health protection as well as to the management of the community. The foreigner expect high quality concentration on the urban space of health body. They enjoy the leading position in this field after they entered the stage of high consumption because their original conceptions has broken away from the traditional urban macroscopical material relating to health with the substitution of research of community, behavior, managing and social economic factor related to health body. Thus they give through examination of the urban health care geography. This paper, on the basis of latest document and materials, try to probe into the quality level of urban living space in form of the mode.