从《气候变化框架公约》进展看当前国际环境关系

自1992年联合国环境与发展大会缔结了为气候变化问题上的全球合作提供法律框架的《气候变化框架公约》以来,国际上已经历六次缔约方大会。虽然1997年其第三次缔约方会议签订了具有削减温室气体排放数量和时间限制具体目标的《京都议定书》,取得了该领域的一个关键性进展,但最近在荷兰海牙召开的旨在就《京都协定书》的目标与措施达成具体协议的第六次缔约方会议却以失败而告终。纵观国际社会在《气候变化框架公约》问题上的后续行动进展。可以充分看出当前的国际环境关系具有环境问题政治化、环境关系复杂化、环境合作艰难化以及环境斗争激烈化的特点。这使中国今后在环境与发展的问题上将面临更加严峻的挑战,为此必须尽早采取有效对策。

A TALK ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE PROGRESS ON UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Review of progress made by the international society after UN Framework Convention on Climate Change shows filly the current of the international relationship on environment: 1) The environmental problems is getting into the political field, which is that on one hand, the environment problems become more and more the main topic for discussion, and another hand, the environment problems are affected more and more by polity; 2) The national environmental relationship is showing complication, including the diplomatism relationship on environment?trade relationship on environment?the environment relationship between territory?the relationship between making and carrying out international environment pact and the international investment relationship on environment; 3)The cooperation on environment is getting hardship more and more, so that about both various countries' practical carrying out pacts and the environment cooperation between countries, the difficulty is great and the progress is slow and the efficiency is low; 4) The warfare on environment exhibits intensification, which shows that in all international treaties on the environment, there are furious debates surround almost every environment law document, and that the international environment strive appears to the trend of becoming more and more intense. So China should confront with the grim challenge for the future on the environment and development, to which China will have to actively strike the corresponding measures. Firstly, the environment diplomatism must be developed energetically in order to force the reformation of irrational national order in environment and polity economy fields and reject effectively "the climate interventionism"and "environment hegemonism". Secondly, it is necessary to notice closely the national environment trends in order to learn in time the new thing on the changing national environment affair and to take some flexible countermeasures. Another, we must hammer at the research on environment problem and at improving indeed the environment of our country. Finally, we should adjust actively the configuration of production and energy resource to cut greenhouse gas emission.